Vitamin B12 is also known as Cobalamin (because it contains the mineral cobalt), and it is a water-soluble vitamin. It is found in many foods such as dairy products like milk, meat like mutton, and fish. It can also be synthesized in a lab. Vitamin B12 is required by the body to properly function and develop various parts, including red blood cells, nerve cells, eyes, skin, brain, and DNA synthesis.
The major role of Vitamin B12 is to help the body produce large amounts of red blood cells. It may also support bone health, prevent the risk of osteoporosis, reduce the risk of muscle degradation, and promote vision health.
A lack of this vitamin in the body can sometimes be dangerous, potentially leading to the development of cancer in its early stages.
Understanding Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Causes of B12 deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency can be caused by poor dietary intake (such as vegetarian or vegan diets) in individuals who cannot consume meat like mutton and fish. Since meat provides a better amount of Vitamin B12, those relying on vegetables for their diet may face Vitamin B12 deficiency and other health issues.
- Malabsorption Disorders
B12 absorption is also lower in individuals with malabsorption disorders such as Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, and other digestive tract issues.
- Certain Medications
Certain medications like metformin and other tablets or supplements can suppress the absorption of Vitamin B12, leading to a deficiency. Injections such as Vitamin D do not suppress Vitamin B12 absorption, but a deficiency of Vitamin D may reduce the absorption of Vitamin B12.
Symptoms of B12 Deficiency
Symptoms may include:
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Dizziness
- Neurological symptoms (such as memory loss)
- Mood changes
- Irritability
- Depression
Connection between Vitamin B12 and Cancer
Vitamin B12 does not directly cause cancer, but in some cases, it may contribute to problems.
Gastrointestinal Cancer
There is a link between Vitamin B12 deficiency and gastrointestinal cancers, such as stomach and pancreatic cancers. Below are some details about these types of cancers.
- Stomach Cancer
The stomach plays a vital role in the body by performing functions like metabolism. The intrinsic factor in the stomach is crucial for the absorption of B12. In stomach cancer, this factor may be damaged, affecting B12 absorption, leading to a deficiency.
- Pancreatic Cancer
In pancreatic cancer, the pancreas is affected, which also impacts certain enzymes like lipase, protease, and amylase that are involved in digestion. This can lead to a B12 deficiency.
Blood Cancer
Blood cancer has been studied in recent years, and research shows that it can cause B12 deficiency along with hematologic malignancies like anemia and leukemia.
- Bone Marrow Suppression
Bone marrow cancer affects the production of red and white blood cells, leading to a decrease in B12 levels.
- Anemia and Leukemia
Blood cancer, particularly anemia, can cause a drop in red blood cell levels or even destroy them completely, suppressing B12 levels in the body. B12 deficiency may worsen these conditions. Leukemia, a group of abnormal blood cells produced by the bone marrow, can also affect B12 absorption.
Diagnosis of B12 Deficiency
- Symptoms Assessment
A physician will examine your signs and symptoms, such as fatigue or neurological disorders (mood changes, memory loss), to determine if you are suffering from a B12 deficiency.
- Medical History
Your health record or medical history will be reviewed by the physician, which may include details about your diet or supplements.
- Blood Testing
The exact amount of B12 is examined through a normal blood test. If the homocysteine level is high, this could indicate a deficiency of B12. Lower levels of homocysteine suggest that B12 levels are in good condition. If left untreated, long-term effects may occur.
Treatment and Management of B12 Deficiency
Dietary Changes
- Animal Products
Patients who rely on a vegetarian or vegan diet must consider including animal products such as fish, meat (like mutton), poultry, eggs, and dairy products, all of which are rich in B12.
- Fortified Foods
Fortified foods, like cereals, are a good source of B12 for vegetarians and vegans. It is beneficial to incorporate these foods into your lifestyle to ensure the right amount of B12 in the body.
- Oral Supplements
Oral supplements, such as cyanocobalamin, a brand name of B12, can be given to patients. Vitamin B12 tablets are effective for those with mild to moderate deficiencies.
- Injections
For patients who cannot absorb B12 through oral supplements, B12 injections may be required to meet the body’s needs. Physicians prescribe these injections for rapid B12 absorption.
It is important to regularly check with your physician and follow their instructions to ensure that the deficiency is properly managed.
Conclusion
A lack of Vitamin B12 in the body is a major health complication, often associated with cancer. However, the presence of cancer may suppress B12 absorption, but the presence of B12 does not affect cancer development.
Maintaining health requires regular consultations with your physician and following a healthy, balanced diet that fulfills your B12 needs.
